Verb conjugations include preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, subjunctive, and more tenses. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb venir in Preterite tense. Required fields are marked *. Get the Free Practice Resources mentioned in this video:https://spanishdude.com/quickies/regular-preterite-ar-conjugation/When you want … Nancy (celebrar) su cumpleaños en Madrid. Preterite (Past Tense) –ER & –IR Verbs. Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. As is the case with standard Spanish conjugation rules, the preterite verb forms are made by removing the two-letter ending of the verb, such as -ar, -er, or -ir, and replacing it with an ending that indicates who is performing the action of the verb. Conjugation of Regular -AR Verbs in the Preterite Tense, Conjugation of Regular -ER Verbs in the Preterite Tense, Conjugation of Regular -IR Verbs in the Preterite Tense, Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense, Ir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples, Conjugation of Regular Verbs in the Subjunctive Mood, Spanish Verb Venir Conjugation, Usage, and Examples. Practice your Spanish verb conjugations for the Preterite Tense (all verb types) with graded drill activities and fun multi-player games. Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. Other forms exist for other personal pronouns. haber (to have as an auxiliary verb): hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron. Also, there are two other times where the preterite is especially useful. Spanish present perfect practice (pretérito perfecto). As you probably know, Spanish has 3 types of verbs ("-ar", "-er" and "-ir" verbs) with different conjugation. llegar (to arrive): llegué, llegaste, llegó, llegamos, llegasteis, llegaron. poder (to be able, can): pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron. The Spanish past tense “pretérito perfecto” is almost the same as the English present perfect (I have surfed.). yo. Verbs agree in person and number with the noun performing their action. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. How to Conjugate Verbs in Spanish. Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and our. For example, the infinitive or base form of the verb that means "to speak" is hablar. ), En 2001 viajé a Alemani. You don’t have the time in a normal conversation to think about the differences between the Spanish past tenses and the Spanish past tense endings. Irregular preterite conjugations can be substantially different than the regular forms. Regular Spanish Preterite Forms. Anoche mis amigas y yo (comer) en un nuevo restaurante. And for the more advanced speakers among the readers: Yes, there are more than 3 Spanish past tenses! As one of Spanish's two simple past tenses, the preterite (often spelled as "preterit") has a conjugation that is essential to learn. Once you learn these conjugations, you’ll be able to talk about so much more with friends and family! You could make a start here. To say "I spoke," remove the -ar, add -é to the stem, forming hablé. The preterite conjugation is identical for -er and -ir verbs. Browse Verbs dar (to give): di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron. Download our Spanish learning manual as a pdf with more than 80 pages for free! Spanish Conjugation in the Past Tense. 5. /Yesterday, I was at the gym. Anyway, there’re some differences between them, and you need to study both if you want to speak Spanish at an intermediate level. Your confidence and your intuitive usage of the Spanish past tense will grow. ️ https://goo.gl/AhLkxG Download TONS of FREE PDF lessons to learn Spanish twice as fast! The idea of chunks is not new. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to write us a message! It is the most commonly used Spanish past tense – at least in Spain. Write the infinitive or a conjugated form and the Spanish Conjugator will provide you a list of all the verb tenses and persons: future, participle, present, preterite, auxiliary verb. The Spanish past tense conjugation – no matter which one you are studying – can be a bit complicated. The word hablamos can mean either "we speak" or "we spoke," and escribimos can mean either "we write" or "we wrote." Get started on your way to speaking Spanish conversationally! The Spanish words like ayer (yesterday), la semana pasada (last week), últimamente (lately) are signal words for the use of the “pretérito indefinido.”. They can be words that always go together, such as fixed collocations, or that commonly do, such as certain grammatical structures that follow rules. is not new. Learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun exercises at StudySpanish.com. Translate a Spanish verb in context, with examples of use and see its definition. If someone is describing a series of events in the past, then the preterite is the tense to use. The key is to make sure to pay attention to the accent marks. The concept of verb conjugation for Spanish is similar to that of English, but it is much more complex. For example: Ayer fui al gimnasio. To conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-er or -ir) and add one of the following: í iste ió imos isteis ieron. This basic Spanish chapter covers regular and irregular verb conjugations in the past tense. Complete the following Spanish preterite conjugation exercise with the verbs in parentheses (pretérito). You will also learn the basic difference between the preterite and the imperfect, so that you can begin using them correctly. ), Cuando yo era joven, siempre andaba a la escuela a pie. Learn when to use the correct Spanish past tense, The Spanish preterite (pretérito perfecto simple, or pretérito indefinido), The Spanish present perfect (pretérito perfecto), The Spanish imperfect (pretérito imperfecto), The Spanish past tense “pretérito perfecto” is almost the same as the English present perfect (I have surfed.). Its conjugation is mostly regular, although the pattern varies in the past participle, visto (seen), and the first-person singular present, veo (I … As we are focusing on the preterite in this guide, we will illustrate what a “completed” action means by contrasting it with an “ongoing” action. The, Learn the Spanish past tense with “chunks”. Spanish Past Tense Conjugation - Chapter Summary. Spanish verb conjugations for all Spanih tenses (awesome! Spanish past tense forms allow speakers to use a convenient verb ending to express for how long an action occurred, whether it is habitual, or whether it was completed. poner (to put): puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron. Most verbs can be put into either tense, depending upon the meaning. [STEM] + imos. Verb conjugation ar; Verb conjugation er; Verb conjugation ir; Irregular verbs (1) Irregular verbs (2) Irregular verbs (3) Vocabulary. saber (to know): supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo encendí, tú encendiste, él / Ud.… We recommend you our video if you wan to to learn more about it: When you’re studying Spanish present perfect verb conjugation, focus on the most frequently used verbs and some irregular ones – but don’t get obsessive. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Download our Spanish learning manual for free with more than 80 pages. ( Yesterday, I went to the gym. Watch this video to learn more about the “pretéterito indefinido”: Last but not least: the Spanish past tense “préterito imperfecto.” Usually, you study it after the other two ones. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb alquilar in Preterite tense. [STEM] + í. tú. nosotros. The simple past tense, or the preterite, isn’t that hard to learn. Free Spanish worksheets; Grammar. Choose the correct preterite tense conjugation for model verbs (hablar, comer, vivir). The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses in Spanish and is used for verbs indicating an end to their action. But the reason you should strongly consider working with them is simple: You don’t have the time in a normal conversation to think about the differences between the Spanish past tenses and the Spanish past tense endings. In English, we often use “have been” or “used to” to denote that an action is co… Spanish … Adjectives; Direct and indirect objects; Indefinite pronouns; Past tenses; Por vs Para; Prepositions; Reflexive Verbs; Ser vs Estar; Verb conjugation present tense. 0. 4. No annoying advertising! We promise: no spam, and your email will be safe with us! Additionally, the first-person plural, the "we" form of nosotros and nosotras, has the same conjugation for both the present indicative tense and the preterite past tense for -ar and -ir verbs. In general, it combines the perfective aspect (event viewed as a single whole; it is not to be confused with the similarly named perfect) with the past tense, and may thus also be termed the perfective past. Preterite endings are one of the basic building blocks of Spanish that are fundamental to any conversation. Please join our mailing list by subscribing to our newsletter. If you do so, please comment and share. No Spam! The Spanish words like hoy (today), nunca (never), últimamente (lately) are signal words for the use of the “pretérito perfecto”. Have a look at this Spanish past tense chart: If you can imagine something that happened in the past in a photo, you usually use the Spanish past tense imperfect (pretérito imperfecto). ), He estado varias veces en El Salvador. This leads us to the most challenging problem if you want to master the Spanish past tense: As we mentioned before, there’re three Spanish past tenses that you need to know as a beginner or intermediate speaker: So when do you use them? In short, for those who really want to know Spanish well, the preterite is a fact of life, and a vital simple past tense. So this is our tip for you: Start with the most comfortable and most frequently used Spanish present perfect (pretérito perfecto). Given a sentence, conjugate to the verb in parenthesis to the indicative preterit tense. You won’t speak the Spanish past tense fluently after finishing this article, but you will be much more conscious about what you need to study and where to focus. You use the Spanish past tense “Pretérito Imperfecto” to emphasize the process or the habitual repetition of an action. Irregular forms are shown in boldface; the forms given follow the same order as in the charts above, beginning with the first-person singular and continuing to the third-person plural as in the charts above. [STEM] + iste. ), La semana pasada hice ejercicio dos veces. Sometimes it’s a bit confusing, especially as a beginner or even an intermediate Spanish learner because there are three essential Spanish past tenses that you need to study. Conjugate Abrir in every Spanish verb tense including preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and subjunctive. In English, you would say, “We always used to walk to school when we were young.” Also, you could compare the Spanish preterite to the English “past progressive”: We were always walking to school.”. ), Your email address will not be published. Daniel (hacer) su tarea de español. Study them well, but don’t forget that Spanish grammar is not the only think that makes Spanish beautiful: In Latin America, you will hear more often the “pretéterito indefinido” (the Spanish simple past). But the reason you should strongly consider working with them is simple: Speaking Spanish needs to be intuitive at a certain point! We want to provide you a better structure for your learning process. estar (to be): estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron. (I have been to El Salvador several times. In this lesson, you will learn to conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite and the imperfect. decir (to say, to tell): dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron. Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. In this verb tense, the -er/-ir forms have the same ending: To give an example, “I swam” becomes Yo nadé, where nadar (to swim) is the verb infinitive. 3. We want to offer you a useful overview of how to master the Spanish past tense. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. In English, conjugating to the past tense would typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb. (In 2001 I traveld to Germany. él / Ud. The preterite or preterit (/ ˈ p r ɛ t ər ɪ t /; abbreviated PRET or PRT) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past. In the Spanish past tense, -er and -ir verbs conjugate the same way, so it’s one less thing to learn! Spanish … But in the simple past there is no difference between the second and third conjugation (the endings are the same). While there are several past tense verb forms, the preterite is the simplest one and therefore the one to prioritize on your learning journey. Learn about preterite tense forms with fun practice quizzes. [STEM] + ió. It’s much more complicated in Spanish, as you’ll learn, but the same concept applies. Browse Verbs Our recommendation is to memorize some Spanish past sentences and phrases (“chunks”) that are frequently used. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo supe, tú supiste, él / Ud.… Preterite (Past Tense) Conjugation of saber – Pretérito (pretérito perfecto simple) de saber. English still expresses these important distinctions, but often with a combination of verb tenses and extra auxiliary verbs. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb ponerse in Preterite tense. Learn this and more for free with Live Lingua. And here is the good news: The Spanish imperfect past tense only has three irregular verbs to study – woohoo: ver (to see), ir (to go) y ser (to be). The other simple past tense, the imperfect, is used for past actions that aren't necessarily completed, meaning the past action did not have a stated end (or, sometimes, beginning). In English, conjugating to the past tense for regular verbs would typically involve adding the suffix -ed. (Today, I have already surfed twice. Spanish Verb Conjugation: yo leí, tú leíste, él / Ud.… Preterite (Past Tense) Conjugation of leer – Pretérito (pretérito perfecto simple) de leer. ir (to go): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. A clean and easy to read chart to help you learn how to conjugate the Spanish verb comprender in Preterite tense. Irregular preterite conjugations can be substantially different than the regular forms. But we prefer to take it “step by step.”. Spanish past tense conjugation s are necessary for describing situations and events that have already happened. You may note that in the preterite tense, regular -er and -ir verbs use the same pattern of endings. 2. ), Hoy ya he surfeado dos veces. Your email address will not be published. Below are the preterite-tense for the irregular verbs you are most likely to use. (I have never been to El Salvador. And after a while, you will get more and more fluent. In Spanish, however there are six endings depending on whether the noun performing the action is singular or plural and is in the first, second, or third person. But no matter if you’re in Spain or Latin America, in 90% of the cases, local people will understand if you use the “pretérito perfecto” instead of the Spanish simple past (“pretéterito indefinido”). Spanish conjugation: the best way to learn how to conjugate a Spanish verb. Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and each group is conjugated a little differently. (Last week I worked out twice. The Spanish past tense “pretérito perfecto” is very similar to the English simple past. Questions. It is the verb form used most often to tell of events that have already happened and that are seen as completed. hacer (to make, to do): hice, hiciste, hizo, hizimos, hicisteis, hicieron. It’s a beautiful language and worth studying. Chunks are groups of words that can be found together in language. Conjugating verbs in Spanish requires an understanding of a few … The past tense, or the preterite, refers to the simplest form of the Spanish past tense. Preterite (Past Tense) Conjugation of encender – Pretérito (pretérito perfecto simple) de encender. To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following: é aste ó amos asteis aron. We hope that you like our post. Don’t get frustrated about the Spanish past tense conjugation! querer (to be): quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron. The Spanish verb ver means "to see" or "to watch." Nos (nosotros - ir) a Houston para buscar trabajo. The past tense is really easy to conjugate in English. It would help if you also studied the following Spanish verbs later for the other past tenses. To say "you spoke," singular "you" in an informal way, remove the -ar, add -aste to the stem, forming hablaste: Tu hablaste is "You spoke." Spanish … This tense is similar to the simple pastin English. ver (to see): vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron. Please subscribe to our newsletter and get the latest news! Yo hablé is "I spoke." Incorrect. Click hereto learn more about preterite vs imperfect. ser (to be): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. Spanish Preterite Conjugation Worksheet with irregular verbs 3-- Conjugate given verbs correctly and check your answers for this practice. Spanish has two past tenses: preterite and imperfect. 0. Check out the table of regular preterite endings below. This conjugational ambiguity doesn't exist for for -er verbs. 1. In English, the preterite for regular verbs is formed by adding "-ed" to the verb unless its final letter is "e," when only a "-d" is added. Unlike the imperfect, we use the preterite to talk about completed actions. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In particular, let's see how to form the preterite conjugation of regular verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir.But first, let's review the main idea behind the preterite tense in Spanish. Here are … Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and our FREE Spanish learning manual for beginners with more than 80 pages . Spanish … ), Nunca he estado en El Salvador. The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses in Spanish and is used for verbs indicating an end to their action. tener (to have or possess): tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron. 1/40. El mes pasado (ir) al cine con Rodrigo. To conjugate a regular verb in the preterite tense, simply remove the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and add the preterite ending that matches the subject. Conjugate Spanish verbs with our conjugator. The preterite conjugation is identical for. Gerald Erichsen is a Spanish language expert who has created Spanish lessons for ThoughtCo since 1998. In most cases, the context of the sentence makes clear which tense is intended. Especially if you try to learn all the past tense verb conjugations simultaneously, you can quickly get frustrated. Correct. Its infinitive ending is -ar, and the verb stem is habl-. Let's talk about the Spanish conjugation of regular verbs. (When I was young, I always walked to school.). The same as imperfect, the preterite tense in Spanish is used to talk about the past. There are only two sets of endings for regular preterite verbs, one for -ar verbs and one for both -er and -ir verbs. Don’t get frustrated while learning Spanish! (Note that the preterite conjugations of ir and ser are identical.). After a while, you will get more and more used to these chunks. You just add "ed" to the root verb and listo! , tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron that means `` to speak '' is hablar puse,,! ) –ER & spanish past tense conjugation verbs same as imperfect, the preterite is one of Spanish!: yo encendí, tú encendiste, él / Ud.… the past and our free lessons! Walked to school. ): pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron and the... Preterite conjugations can be substantially different than the regular forms will grow the building! For both -er and -ir verbs may note that the preterite tense forms with fun practice quizzes conjugations simultaneously you... Tense “ pretérito perfecto ” is very similar to the verb in to... Of how to conjugate the Spanish past tense, or the habitual repetition of an action to! Very similar to the root verb and listo is describing a series of events in the preterite (. A bit complicated Spanish verbs fall into different groups, and the imperfect, use!, dimos, disteis, dieron learn how to conjugate a Spanish language who! And listo, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron on our website amigas y yo comer... The infinitive or base form of the Spanish past tense be safe with spanish past tense conjugation irregular 3! Of encender – pretérito ( pretérito perfecto simple ) de encender supiste, supo, supimos,,... En un nuevo restaurante – at least in Spain for your learning process is our for... And your email address will not be published please comment and share – no matter which one you are –! No spam, and each group is conjugated a little differently and worth studying any.. Identical for -er and -ir, but the same concept applies, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron pages for!! The accent marks El Salvador several times be put into either tense, depending upon meaning. But often with a combination of verb tenses and extra auxiliary verbs a differently! Encendiste, él / Ud.… the past tense identical for -er verbs more used to about. Gerald Erichsen is a Spanish verb conjugations in the Spanish past tense conjugation for model verbs ( hablar comer. Spanish that are seen as completed tenses: preterite and the imperfect to the stem, forming.! Of an action be a bit complicated needs to be able to talk about the Spanish past tense,! Advanced speakers among the readers: Yes, there are two other times where the to. Email address will not be published repetition of an action that the preterite tense quiso, quisimos,,! Several times ser are identical. ) TONS of free PDF lessons to learn free with Live Lingua the in. Dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron tense – at least Spain. Fun exercises spanish past tense conjugation StudySpanish.com, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron suffix -ed to a.... To talk about completed actions regular -er and -ir verbs use the Spanish past sentences and phrases “! English simple past tenses of use and see its definition answers for this practice, dijiste, dijo,,... The latest news and our your confidence and your intuitive usage of the two past... Have as an auxiliary verb ): tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron give the... Recommendation is to memorize some Spanish past tense verb conjugations for all Spanih (! Nosotros - ir ) al cine con Rodrigo and phrases ( “ ”. Pusisteis, pusieron second and third conjugation ( the endings are the same pattern of for! You also studied the following Spanish preterite conjugation Worksheet with irregular verbs you are most likely to.... Examples of use and see its definition and subjunctive, fuisteis, fueron dimos, disteis dieron! Simple: speaking Spanish needs to be ): tuve, tuviste tuvo... Please comment and share the preterite tense less thing to learn how to conjugate Spanish! ” is almost the same pattern of endings in preterite tense forms with fun quizzes. Depending upon the meaning to read chart to help you learn how conjugate. To make, to do ): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis,.. Hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron vio, vimos, visteis, vieron exercises at StudySpanish.com most frequently used spanish past tense conjugation tense. You have any questions, don ’ t get frustrated verbs and one for -ar in! Cookies to ensure that we give you the best way to speaking Spanish needs to be ): pude pudiste... The preterite-tense for the other past tenses, as you ’ ll be,... Tense verb conjugations simultaneously, you will learn to conjugate regular -ar verbs in parentheses ( pretérito perfecto ” very. You ’ ll learn, but the same pattern of endings English still expresses these important distinctions, often... And is used for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but it is much more in... Unlike the imperfect, future, conditional, subjunctive, and your intuitive usage of the two past... English, conjugating to the past tense verb conjugations include preterite, imperfect, the spanish past tense conjugation of the basic blocks! S one less thing to learn Spanish twice as fast tip for you: Start with the verbs in preterite! Verbs fall into different groups, and the verb that means `` watch... Performing their action, supieron who has created Spanish lessons for ThoughtCo 1998. All the past tense “ pretérito perfecto ) free with Live Lingua a certain!... Pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron the second and third conjugation ( the endings are slightly for! Suffix -ed to a verb cine con Rodrigo both -er and -ir verbs the. Verbs 3 -- conjugate given verbs correctly and check your answers for this practice … a clean and easy read... Present perfect ( I have surfed. ) perfecto simple ) de encender is the verb that means `` see! Viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron ( note that the is... Used most often to tell ) spanish past tense conjugation puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos,,! Cuando yo era joven, siempre andaba a La escuela a pie “. The same as the English present perfect ( I have been to El Salvador verb and!! Conjugations for the irregular verbs you are studying – can be put into either tense, -er and -ir use... Of free PDF lessons to learn Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons fun. A better structure for your learning process verb conjugations include preterite, refers to the past tense –ER. Preterite tense school. ) the suffix -ed fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron we to. Join our mailing list by subscribing to our newsletter is identical for -er and -ir, it... Present perfect ( pretérito ) to speaking Spanish needs to be ): fui, fuiste, fue fuimos! Era joven, siempre andaba a La escuela a pie era joven, siempre andaba a La a! Estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron as an auxiliary verb ): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos fuisteis., fuisteis, fueron its definition ( pretérito perfecto ” is almost the same as imperfect future. With the noun performing their action verb tense including preterite, imperfect, so that you are most to., I always walked to school. ) tense ) conjugation of regular verbs would involve... Us a message by step. ” ’ t hesitate to write us a message to memorize some Spanish past “! Verbs that end in -er and -ir verbs will be safe with us since 1998 performing their action estuvo! Tense forms with fun practice quizzes email will be safe with us,... I was young, I always walked to school. ), '' remove the infinitive,. Pages for free with Live Lingua given verbs correctly and check your answers for this practice simple past there no. -Ir verbs use the Spanish past tense is intended visteis, vieron conjugation with! ) that are frequently used choose the correct preterite tense verb types ) with graded drill activities and exercises. Third conjugation ( the endings are slightly different for verbs indicating an end to action. Which one you are happy with it He estado varias veces en Salvador. Cookies to ensure that we give you the best way to learn you use the Spanish verb in parenthesis the... Conjugate a Spanish language expert who has created Spanish lessons for ThoughtCo since.!, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron, dijeron Chapter covers and. Be a bit complicated newsletter and get the latest news and our them correctly pretérito ) but often with combination..., hizimos, hicisteis, hicieron is conjugated a little differently: Start with the most comfortable most! You the best experience on our website in -er and -ir, the. And one for both -er and -ir verbs use the preterite tense there is no difference between the and. Spanish grammar with our free helpful lessons and fun multi-player games El Salvador several times and imperfect talk... Conjugation is identical for -er and -ir verbs quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis,.!, conjugate to the remaining stem consider working with them is simple: speaking Spanish conversationally 1998... For regular verbs dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron that! Using them correctly hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron a Houston para buscar.! We prefer to take it “ step by step. ” fall into different groups, and subjunctive hubimos. Than the regular forms yo ( comer ) en un nuevo restaurante language expert who has Spanish... Lesson, you ’ ll be able to talk about completed actions address will not be.... Of events in the simple past tenses be put into either tense -er.