The plant performs best in soils with high levels of phosphorus and potassium. Mammoth red clover is not recommended for use in Missouri; its best performance is in areas with short growing seasons such as Canada. The adult, a light-brown chunky beetle 1/10-inch long, feeds on clover leaves. It can withstand more shading in the seedling stage than most other legumes, making it easy to establish in grass sods. To minimize clover injury, herbicides should be applied when clover is free from drought and heat stress. Buds die and plants are stunted. per acre broadcast (4-5 oz. 4. When planted alone, clover can be established with 300 pounds of 5-10-15 per acre. It may be mistaken for alfalfa weevil larvae when small, but grows to 1/2-inch long. The late-flowering types are referred to as mammoth red clovers. Quick and e asy to grow. The larvae tunnel inside the core of clover stems (usually sweet clover), eating out the pith. Kill red clover with herbicides that are effective on broadleaves (e.g., 2,4-D LVE, dicamba, clopyralid).Prepared by Sjoerd Duiker, associate professor of soil management and applied soil physics, and Bill Curran, professor of weed sciences. Best clover stands result if oats are seeded at about 1.5 to 2 bushels per acre. Red clover is usually drilled with a spring grain cover crop using the "grass seed box" on the drill. Apply fertilizer just prior to seeding. If using a drill, seed at 15-18 pounds per acre; if broadcasting, seed at 22-30 pounds per acre. Chemical weed and grass control - If a height differential exists between weeds and the clover, glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) can be applied with a wiper or rope-wick type of device to weeds growing above the clover canopy. Grape colaspis. That’s the last ryegrass. Red clover, 8 pounds; timothy, 2 pounds (fall) or 4 pounds (spring). Freezing and thawing will work the seeds into the soil enough for germination to occur. The reasons for the increases in seed yield are varied, but improvements in crop management and seed harvest are among the most important in these crops. Green cloverworm. Red Clover typically lives from 2 to 3 years. Depth: 1/4” (stand failures will result from seed planted too deep). They reduce yields and quality, interfere with seed production and, in some cases, destroy the stand. Avoid seed low in germination that contains a high percentage of troublesome weed seeds. If drilling, planting at a rate of 10 to 11 pounds per acre. There is opportunity for economic control of some insects such as army worms and grasshoppers. per acre. ft.) if planted in mixes. This is a useful combination for hay or grazing pastures. Special Note: When using pesticides, carefully read and follow all label guidelines for mixing, applying and personal safety. translates to about 80 lbs of N per ton of dry matter. Seeding red clover in the spring (April to early May), alone or with a spring oat companion crop in a conventionally prepared seedbed, is common. Planting: With the potential to produce 100 + lbs. per acre drilled (2-3 oz. Alfalfa: 60: 10-20: Medium Red Clover : 60: 10-15: Mammoth … D. DCA farm Well-known member. Caterpillars strip foliage from clover and eat tender shoots at night but hide beneath debris during the day. Each situation has special requirements that should be considered. per 1000 sq. Evergreen in temperate climates. When red clover is seeded on small grains during winter, some phosphorus (about 60 pounds) topdressed at the time of seeding has proven beneficial, especially if the soil is low in phosphorus. Livestock sometimes slobber excessively when feeding on second-cutting red clover hay. Liming to a pH of 6.0-6.5 and providing adequate levels of potassium and phosphorus are necessary … If you must use common seed, locally produced seed (although there is no way to tell its genetic purity) is usually superior to seed produced outside the southern Corn Belt. Key considerations: Red clover is relatively short-lived (2-3) years. per acre drilled (2-3 oz. This may be done in one of several ways, but the grass must be controlled until new clover seedlings become established. For example, for every 8 lbs. Red clover is an excellent choice for seeding in grass sods. Incorporate after the second growth season. Common red cloverThis refers to all classes of seed of unknown varietal origin. Elongated, wedge-shaped bugs, mostly less than 1/4-inch long and variously colored. Clover seed products contain clover seeds produced at our facilities. Tips for Successful Food Plots: Thrives in a wide range of soils. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be used; it is best if the grass was not topdressed with nitrogen during the previous late summer or fall period. Because bumblebees and honey bees are largely responsible for seed pollination, chemical treatment to control insects would also destroy the pollinators. Alta-Swede can be planted in the spring or fall and grow in more acid soil (pH 5.0-6.0) than other clovers if lime is applied at the time of seeding. Sowing too deep will reduce the germination dramatically. All trademarks are either the property of Central Garden & Pet Company, its subsidiaries, divisions, affiliated and/or related companies or the property of their respective owners. Care should be taken to ensure seed are planted at the proper depth. Red clover is a perennial plant in areas where it is well adapted and produces pink colored blooms, whereas crimson clover is an annual clover that produces bright red colored blooms. It is not as drought-tolerant or easy to dry as alfalfa, however. Seed Yield. Dark green worms with longitudinal light stripes down their sides and back. The pests are generally grouped according to the location and type of damage they inflict on the clover plant. Hay should be harvested no later than 15 days after the earliest heads appear; this is normally early full bloom. One of the most common ways to establish red clover is to broadcast the seed on winter wheat fields during late winter. By early June it was evident that red clover now made up 50 % of the forage stand or greater in areas where previously there was no legume. When these young shoots are removed, a sharp reduction in the second growth often occurs. In thin stands of clover, the total legume N content might amount to 40­50 lbs/acre in a year, but. Both larvae and adults feed on clover leaves, leaving smooth-edged notches along the margins. This type produces two or three hay crops per year and is usually treated as a biennial although it is actually a short-lived perennial. Most woodland soils have low pH and low fertility. Alfalfa weevil. To make red clover more effective, follow these management practices: Medium red clover is most productive on soils of medium to high fertility levels with a soil salt pH of 5.5 or higher with good internal drainage. In Missouri, this is usually sometime in July. If applying herbicides, extreme care should be taken to avoid overlapping the spray and to also prevent herbicide drift or accidental application to any desirable plants, trees and shrubs adjacent to the target area being sprayed. Windrow the crop immediately after mowing. Don't use nitrogen in the fertilizer mix because it will stimulate the well-rooted grass more than it will benefit the young clover seedlings. Light green, 1-1/4 inches long, with a narrow white stripe and a second faint white line on each side. Soil improvement . Clover leaf weevil. Winter Hardiness: Good . You can also mix seed and fertilizer together and apply them at the same time. It has good resistance to southern anthracnose, which is especially destructive to red clover stands in the southern Corn Belt. Medium Red Clover Seed is a cool season perennial clover commonly used for wildlife food plots, cattle forage, and cover crop applications. When sowing red clover by itself, the seeding rate is 10 to 12 lbs. Upper South: September 1 – Oct. 15 ...may be frost seeded in late February and March or spring planted in April - early May. Medium Red Clover is a popular legume crop grown for forage, cover cropping, and wildlife food plot plantings. per acre. Planting times For winter annual use, crimson clover should be seeded six to eight weeks before the first average frost date. Unless a variety is certified, it might not be genetically pure. Maintain fertility level — test the soil and topdress accordingly. on a contour and seeding will be done with the use of a companion (nurse) crop or by leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the surface after planting. Stems swell, crack open and sometimes break off. For details regarding certified seed production, contact the agronomist at your local MU Extension center; the Foundation Seed Stocks organization, Department of Agronomy, MU; or the Missouri Seed Improvement Association at Columbia, Mo. It provides nitrogen for the grass and is excellent quality summer grazing. Soil fertility – Apply lime to maintain a soil pH of 6.2 to 6.5. Seeding Rate: 6-8 lbs. The seeding rate for Crimson clover is 15-20 lbs per acre if drilled or 20-30 lbs per acre broadcast. A top choice for hay or pasture forage production. It’s very small, so make sure settings are correct on your seeder or risk running out seed too quickly. The adult weevil is green or bluish-green with a black head and snout approximately 1/8-inch long. Cutworms. Because it is a legume, red clover should be inoculated with Strain B inoculant prior to planting unless you purchase pre-inoculated seed. Application Rate: 1-2 lbs per 1000 sq ft or 30-40 lbs per acre Red clover, Trifolium pratense, is a short-lived perennial that is often used for hay, pasture and soil improvement. To build soil organic matter and improve soil tilth. If the seeding rate is too low, the stand will be thin and weedy. Rates of one to two pints of paraquat has proven satisfactory. Clover root borer. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Use and Comments: Excellent pasture renovation crop, short-term hay crop. It can last multiple years in the Upper South and more northern areas of the U.S., but tends to be more annualized in the Deep South. Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover, Crimson Clover, Chicory, Sunflower, Alsike Clover, Single Cut Red Clover, Double Cut Red Clover, Brown Mustard, Groundbreaker Radish 20 lbs. The reverse is generally true in the winter. per acre. Clover seed midge. 4. In most cases the chemical used has been paraquat. The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Fertilizer: Soil testing is highly recommended. One of the great concerns about using mammoth clover, aside from the yield reduction to the first grower, is the propagation of this inferior strain by seed harvest. Red clover, 8 pounds; tall fescue, 10 pounds. Red clover is an excellent choice for seeding in grass sods. Method 2This method is similar to method one, but the sod is not tilled. Cutting the seed crop sooner than this results in light seed of poor viability and germination. Most clover seeds are planted at 10-20 lbs per acre. Both of these are capable of completely destroying red clover stands, and when populations of these insects begin to build, extreme damage may be imminent. in thick stands of clover the fixed N amount could be 100­200 lbs/acre over the year. Gallant Red Clover Victory Red Clover Characteristics: Quick germination Fast Growth High protein forage Withstands high grazing ... Seeding Rate: New: 6-8 Lbs. Examples of red clover-grass mixtures: Red clover, 8 pounds; orchardgrass, 6 pounds. Good seed to soil contact is required for any successful seeding. If Crimson clover is the only clover in a mixture then the seeding rate is 12-15 lb per acre. If you purchase from an individual or neighbor, have a sample tested for germination and for the presence of troublesome weeds. Kenstar's greatest advantage over Kenland is its ability to persist and produce during the third harvest season. Planting too shallow or too deep can result in stand failure. Although there is a greater advantage to using certified red clover seed compared to other commonly grown forages, many pounds of common red clover are seeded in Missouri each year. Prepare the seedbed by disking up the desired area. This method uses a chemical to retard grass growth. Usually about 8 pounds of medium red clover seed per acre is used in association with a grass. Ryegrass (T) 20% MERULA certified Red Clover; Contents per hectare ( 30.00 kg ) 45% KIRIAL certified Hybrid Ryegrass (T) 35% TWYMAX certified Late Per. Seedings made in mid-February have a 50 percent better chance of success than those made in mid-April. So, if you planted 15 lbs (bulk weight) from this bag (recommended PLS rate) you would actually be planting 9.75 lbs of pure seed, of which only 7.8 lbs would germinate. Medium Red Clover is a short-lived perennial used to supply nitrogen. If used for hay or hay and seed, two cuts or harvests are desirable. Seed: 7 lbs. per acre. Red clover Fescue. A red clover, and 1 lb./. Red clover, 8 pounds; timothy, 2 pounds (fall) or 4 pounds (spring). Add phosphorous and potassium fertilizer according to soil test recommendations. This condition, caused by a fungus, is rather rare and usually does not harm animals. ... A standard base rate of 15 pounds per acre planted with a drill is being used. Medium Red Clover is a high nitrogen producing clover, fixing as much as 120 units per acre. ft.) or an equivalent fertilizer and 1 ton/acre ag lime (50 lbs. ft.) if planted in mixes. Method 3This method eliminates a number of tillage operations, reduces soil erosion and can be done later in the spring than methods one or two. Figure 2. The optimum pH is 6.0-6.5 for N fixation, but red clover will tolerate 5.6. Red clover, 8 pounds; orchardgrass, 6 pounds. When you mix it with grass, the rate drops to 8 lbs. North: Aug. 1 – Oct. 1 ...may be frost seeded in March or spring seeded in April – May. The sowing time depends on what use the plant will be put to. They may become dwarfed and yellowish or reddish in color. It is then best to contact your county MU Extension center to determine the latest control methods. Its ability to handle both shade and heat make it ideal for this. Greenish to yellowish-brown, these are flat bugs about 1/2-inch long. Lygus bugs. Or, seed with a drill at 8-12 lbs per-acre to a depth of 1/4’’ into a firmed (packed) seedbed. Injury is most common in old stands of clover. 6. After planting, run over the plot with a light drag. Control damaging insects – Monitor clover food plots at least every 1 to 2 weeks throughout the summer months for damaging worm presence. Medium Red Clover Seed is a cool season perennial clover commonly used for wildlife food plots, cattle forage, and cover crop applications. Red clover is very easy to establish and can either be broadcast at a rate of 15 lbs./acre or drilled at 10 lbs./acre with a no-till drill. MRC will over-winter and will grow fast the following spring. per 1000 sq. Propagation and Planting Red Clover. Usually some fertilizer applied in fall or winter will benefit a new stand of red clover. Also Know, can you mow crimson clover? As a practical example 6 round bales (600kgs in weight) per acre can be achieved and 3 cuts would be expected from an autumn sowing. The most consistent stands of red clover have resulted when seeding at 12 pounds to the acre. For summer annual use, plant as soon as the danger of frost is past. Seed harvest is best taken from the second growth of red clover in the year following the year of seeding. Type 2 or more characters into the input search below for suggested results, use up and down arrow keys to navigate through suggest box. Planting clover seed in pastures can replenish the nitrogen in the soil for other grasses while providing a adequate protein source for all types of animals. The notion that honey bees do not pollinate red clover because it has deeper florets than other legumes is false. A good way to avoid this is to pasture the second growth. When to sow. Weeds and grasses are best controlled with herbicides when they are less than 3 inches in height. Always use medium red clover rather than mammoth. /acre nitrogen reducing the need for commercial nitrogen purchases while building organic matter and improving soil tilth. Grows on most soils, including the drought prone. Aerial Or Surface Seeding: 10 – 12 lbs. The type of soil is not terribly important, but the clover prefers acidic media. Red clover can be sown by broadcast, band seeding and fluid seeding. Use a cultipacker, log or a light drag to firm the soil after planting. ft.) or an equivalent fertilizer and 1 ton/acre ag lime (50 lbs. Yellowish, smooth-sided cylindrical worms about 1/2-inch long with two curved hooks at the end of the body. Flowers are a honey bee and bumblebee favourite! Red clover is one of the easiest legumes to re-establish in predominantly grass sods. To furnish a high protein and energy food source for bucks and does up to 10 months annually. Aerial Or Surface Seeding: 10 – 12 lbs. (Consult with the local university extension office for local herbicide recommendations and rates.) Cutting red clover at bud stage results in lower yield per cut than at 20% or 40% bloom stage of maturity. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. Unfortunately there is no practical, efficient overall control for all red clover insects. Alta-Swede has a long tap root and can loosen soils and mine phosphorus and other nutrients from deep within soil. Meadow spittlebugs. Wide spacing of plants helps in proper growth. Of the 32.5 lbs of red clover seed, 80% will germinate after planting (Germination). If forage stubble is 2 inches or less, broadcast the seed on top of the ground. Plant seed at the proper seeding depth. I didn’t replant for 10 of more years last years seed bank didn’t germinate. In a haying situation, reduced hair varieties are quicker drying and need less tedding, which helps minimize leaf loss. Method: Choose a well-drained site that receives a minimum of 6 - 8 hours of full sun. Plants wilt and die during dry weather from feeding along the roots and girdling near the crown. The more useful of the two types grown in Missouri is the early-flowering type, usually referred to as medium red clover. The stem and leaf feeding species include: The flower head and seed eating insects include: Use our feedback form for questions or comments about this publication. Damaging populations occur more frequently in late cool, dry springs. The soil should be rolled after sowing to increase soil moisture contact with the seed. Damage usually occurs when adults migrate from nearby alfalfa fields that have just been harvested. Barduro is well suited for grazing and hay production. This mix will be excellent for both hay and pasture for ruminants. In the absence of a soil test, apply a mixed fertilizer such as a 0-30-90 each year to red clover fields used for hay. Seeding depth should be no deeper than 0.5 inch. A small hairy caterpillar about 1/2-inch long that feeds on developing seeds and destroys many florets at the base. When sufficient seed is available, Kenstar is expected to replace Kenland for general use in Missouri. Also, when harvested too late, new growth from the crown has started to elongate. Plant about 9 lbs of seed per acre straight or 2 - 5 lbs per acre in a mix. This in turn depends on proper seeding. Spend the extra time necessary to properly prepare the soil by plowing, smoothing and firming the ground. If cutting is delayed much beyond this point, heavy seed losses occur as the dead-ripe heads are broken and lost by weather and harvesting operations. Highest seed yields usually are obtained from red clover when the first growth is used for hay. Management and termination: Root reserves are important for building up winter hardiness and disease resistance. Grasshoppers. per acre 0-20-20 (7 lbs. Planting times For winter annual use, crimson clover should be seeded six to eight weeks before the first average frost date. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to poor nitrogen fixation, increased incidence of clover disease and greater weed competition. A selective herbicide that only controls grassy weeds can be broadcast over pure clover stands to kill or suppress annual and perennial grasses. Red clover should be cut for seed when the interior of the heads is brown, the stems show a yellowish tinge and the seeds show color ranging from yellow through purple. If possible, always rest the field in September and most of October. Red clover features high forage yields and a long growing season. (LBS.) Sow seeds at 1/2 pound per 1,000 square feet or 8 to 16 pounds per acre White Dutch Clover White dutch clover seed is a perennial used for erosion control, lawn alternative, food plots, green manure crop, pasture mixtures, ground cover, and many other uses. per 1000 sq. Two varieties of medium red clover — Kenland and Kenstar — are superior to others in Missouri. Inoculant: Unless pre-inoculated, red clover seed must be inoculated with selected Rhizobia strains (strain B) of bacteria just prior to planting for optimal root nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Do not allow the herbicide mixture to come into contact with the clover foliage. Buy certified Kenland or Kenstar seed to guarantee it is not contaminated with mammoth red clover or with varieties not adapted to Missouri. Grazing red clover in pre-bloom stage doesn't harm the crop. Can cause bloat, however risk of bloat is less than for alfalfa. Aphids. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L), a short-lived perennial, is the most widely grown of all the true clovers. Small, pale green, soft-bodied plant lice. Injury is most severe in late spring and early fall. New spring growth should be grazed early in the growing season. Liming to a pH of 6.0-6.5 and providing adequate levels of potassium and phosphorus are necessary to ensure a productive clover stand. Mow and c a Tolerates shade and low winter temperatures. For highest seed yields, windrow red clover for drying. Clover seed chalcid. Depth: 1/4” (stand failures will result from seed planted too deep). Morning sun is better than afternoon sun for summer game food plots. Leafhoppers. Note that taller broadleaf weeds may have 50% or more of their foliage removed by the mowing operation. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Management and termination: Clip (mow or flail shred) or harvest clover after flowering in early September to stimulate new growth and control any weeds. It can be grazed after Oct. 25 or frost, whichever occurs first. Cool or Warm Season: Cool. 3kg per acre - 7.5kg per ha. Harvesting the oats early for silage is recom… Crimson clover seed yield on the other hand, has tripled in the same time. Red clover can be sown by broadcast, band seeding and fluid seeding. Barduro clover is a perfect companion with cool-season perennial grasses such as perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass, and tall fescue as well as select warm season grasses such as bermudagrass. It is best used in mixtures with cool season annual grasses and other legumes. Red Clover will tolerate shade when frost seeded. It provides nitrogen for the grass and is excellent quality summer grazing. Planting Instructions. per 1000 sq. Bloat Hazard: Yes. Since the chemical is a contact killer, seeding must be done after the existing grass has started its growth. Pure Live Seed seeding rates of 100%, 75%, and 50% are being compared to the base rate of uncoated seed and coated seed. Adapted to frost seeding! Potash does not stimulate higher yields in red clover to the same degree as it does in alfalfa, but some potash is beneficial in maintaining stands. Mammoth Red clover will fix up to 70-110 lbs. Sow from March until September. Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense) - Red clover seeds are an important forage legume grown widely in the temperate regions throughout the U.S. extending from the Northeast through the Midwest to eastern North and South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas and into the upper South. Every successful food plot begins with a soil test. KenlandKenland red clover was released several years ago. Information on taking a soil test can be obtained from your local county extension office. Smaller than Mammoth red clover; regrows vigorously after mowing or grazing. If planted in a mixture with small grains, apply 400 lbs. They cause blasted buds, flower drop and shriveled seeds. per acre. of nitrogen per acre as a Cover Crop. Fertilizer and lime should be applied during this process to mix and incorporate it into the soil. Then, prepare to sow the seed. Especially damaging during times of moisture stress. This can be seeded with 300 lbs./. Rest the pasture in September and early October. AU-Robin is a recommended variety to plant but Dixie and Tibbee can be used also if … Legume seed must be properly A very small black or dark brown, cylindrical beetle or very small, legless, curved brown-headed grub about 1/10-inch long. 84,300 seeds… This procedure should be repeated as necessary throughout late March (in South Missouri), April and early May. This usually increases total yield for red clover during its lifetime as compared with spring or winter seedings. The seedbed should be firm, and the clover seed should not be covered with more than 1/4 to 1/2 inch of soil. Crimson clover does best in cool, humid weather and will perform poorly in the heat of summer. The type of soil is not terribly important, but the clover prefers acidic media. As a rule of thumb, if legumes are already present in the pasture, 3 pounds to 4 pounds of red clover and 1 pound to 2 pounds of ladino or alsike clover seed per acre works well. Insects are extremely troublesome to red clover in Missouri. The long tap roots loosen soils and mine phosphorus and other nutrients from deep in the soil. The protein content of red clover can be nearly as high as that of alfalfa. Best clover stands result if oats are seeded at about 1.5 to 2 bushels per acre. Wide spacing of plants helps in proper growth. USES: To attract and provide nutrition for deer, turkey and other wildlife. 6kg per acre - 15kg per ha. The female lays eggs in small slits cut in the stem, in the bud at the axil of the leaf or in the the terminal bud of the plant. Establishment. Use of a co is a gompanion crood p option where weeds may be conern. Grass seed in varying combinations will make up the remaining weight. Pollination of the flower occurs on each visit of the bee regardless of whether it gets nectar. If practical, apply lime a minimum of 3 months before planting. Management: (Perennial stands) 1. If broadcasting, plant at a rate of 15 to 16 pounds per acre. The seeding should be made no later than Feb. 15 in the northern part of the state and before Feb. 1 in the southern part. Per BU. If drilling, a little less will work. Broadcast the clover seed early enough during winter so that freezing or thawing will cover the seed. A soil test will tell you how much fertilizer and lime is needed. Red clover improves soil fertility and structure better than most other green manure crops on heavier soils. High seeding rates (10 to 12 pounds per acre) have resulted in better stands than lighter seeding rates. It is a quality grass, and it matures at about the same time as red clover. They eat leaves and cut plants off at the base. ft.) or an equivalent fertilizer and 1 ton/acre ag lime (50 lbs. Red clover is usually drilled with a spring grain cover crop using the "grass seed box" on the drill. Barduro red clover can be broadcast or drilled shallow into a prepared seed bed. Plant about 9 lbs of seed per acre straight or 2 - 5 lbs per acre in a mix. Some new medium varieties will produce to their full capacity for three years or more. Seed 2 pounds of ladino white clover and 4 pounds of red clover per acre. Seeding Dates - South: Oct. 1 – November 15 ...may be frost seeded in February or early March in some locations. nitrogen per acre. per 1000 sq. Red clover mixtures can be undersown in an arable crop, or after harvest provided there is enough time for the plants to develop sufficiently prior to winter cold. Red clover seeded into fescue sods has increased yields about 35 percent above those plots receiving 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Alta-Swede Mammoth Red Clover averages 248,000 seeds per lb. ft.). Red clover, 8 pounds; reed canarygrass, 6 pounds. See your local county extension office for soil sampling assistance. For this method to be successful, several management details are necessary. Are largely responsible for seed pollination, chemical treatment to control insects seed. Some insects such as Canada spring ) reduction in the second growth on its back and is usually drilled a! To keep unwanted weeds and grasses in check a sense of comfort safety! ( usually sweet clover ), April and early fall seed and together... Guarantee it is the number one reason i don ’ t germinate no... Across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels, band seeding and fluid seeding our! These conditions that unfavorable quality results rate is 12-15 lb per acre is for. Stems, they suck juices from the aphids ; contents ( 0.00 kg ) 45 % KIRIAL certified ryegrass. 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